(Indian Context) Gender is one of the most critical axes along which human rights are contested, violated, and redefined in contemporary India. Gender-based inequality is not merely a matter of legal discrimination but is deeply embedded in social norms, cultural practices, economic structures, and power relations. As a result, gender transforms human rights from abstract…
(Indian Context) The question of minority rights occupies a central place in the discourse on human rights in India. As a plural and deeply diverse society, India is home to multiple religious, linguistic, ethnic, and cultural minorities. In such a context, human rights are not only about individual freedoms but also about the protection of…
(Indian Context) The issue of caste represents one of the most persistent and complex human rights challenges in India. Unlike many societies where human rights violations primarily arise from the actions of the state, caste-based oppression is deeply embedded in social structures, cultural practices, and everyday life. As a result, the caste question fundamentally reshapes…
(India) The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs) form a crucial pillar of the Indian constitutional framework and play a central role in shaping the country’s understanding of human rights. Enshrined in Part IV of the Constitution of India, the Directive Principles articulate the social, economic, and political goals that the Indian state must strive…
The constitutional–legal framework of human rights in India is primarily anchored in the Fundamental Rights enshrined in Part III of the Constitution of India. These rights constitute the core of India’s human rights regime and reflect the commitment of the Indian state to democracy, liberty, equality, and human dignity. Unlike many postcolonial states where rights…
Human rights in the Indian context are shaped by a distinctive historical experience marked by colonial domination, nationalist struggle, constitutionalism, and social diversity. Unlike many Western societies where human rights evolved gradually through liberal political traditions, in India they emerged as part of a transformative constitutional project, aimed not only at limiting state power but…
The concept of human rights represents one of the most influential moral and political ideas of the modern world. At its core, human rights are claims that individuals possess by virtue of being human, irrespective of nationality, culture, religion, class, gender, or political system. In contemporary political theory and practice, human rights function both as…
Gender and the ‘Critical Turn’: Where International Relations Does Understand The “critical turn” in International Relations (IR) marks a significant shift away from positivist, state-centric, and problem-solving approaches toward reflective, interpretive, and power-sensitive analyses. Critical theories—such as feminism, post-structuralism, postcolonialism, Marxism, and critical security studies—challenge the taken-for-granted assumptions of mainstream IR. From a gender perspective,…
Forced migration is one of the most visible consequences of violent conflict in contemporary global politics. Wars, civil conflicts, ethnic violence, and political repression have displaced millions of people across borders and within states. Feminist scholars argue that forced migration is not a gender-neutral process; rather, conflict and displacement are experienced differently by women, men,…
Sex trafficking has emerged as a major concern in global politics, increasingly framed as a problem of international security. Governments, international organizations, and policy-makers often describe trafficking in women and children as a transnational crime linked to organized networks, illegal migration, and border insecurity. Feminist scholars, however, argue that dominant security-based approaches to sex trafficking…
