Kaushik Verma

One of the central debates in political and legal theory concerns the nature and justification of rights. While there is broad agreement that rights play a foundational role in modern political theory, there is deep disagreement about what rights actually are and what function they serve. This disagreement is most clearly expressed in the debate…

Introduction The debate on global justice has emerged as one of the most important areas of contemporary political theory, particularly in the context of globalization, global inequality, poverty, and international institutions. While traditional theories of justice largely focused on justice within the boundaries of the nation-state, thinkers like Thomas Pogge have argued that justice must…

Introduction The question “Equality of What?” represents one of the most important debates in modern political theory. While most political theorists agree that equality is a fundamental value, there is deep disagreement about what exactly should be equalized in a just society. Should equality be understood in terms of welfare, resources, or human capabilities? This…

Introduction The debate between Negative and Positive Liberty is one of the most influential and enduring discussions in modern political theory. It addresses a fundamental question: What does it mean to be free? Is freedom simply the absence of external constraints, or does it involve the capacity to be one’s own master and realize one’s…

Introduction Freedom is one of the most fundamental and contested concepts in Political Theory. Among the various interpretations of freedom, freedom as autonomy occupies a central place, particularly in the works of Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill. Although Kant and Mill belong to different philosophical traditions—Kant to moral idealism and Mill to liberal utilitarianism—both…