Literature and cinema have played a decisive role in shaping, circulating, and contesting ideas of nationalism. Far from being mere reflections of political events, cultural forms actively participate in the construction of national imagination by producing narratives of belonging, sacrifice, history, and identity. In the Indian context, literature and cinema have functioned as powerful sites…
Culture and Politics in India पाठ्यक्रम में आधुनिक आत्म (modern self) की अवधारणा संस्कृति और राजनीति के आपसी संबंध को समझने के लिए अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण है। आत्म कोई स्वाभाविक या कालातीत इकाई नहीं है; बल्कि वह ऐतिहासिक रूप से निर्मित, सांस्कृतिक रूप से आकारित और राजनीतिक रूप से विनियमित होती है। इस इकाई में आधुनिक…
The concept of the modern self is central to understanding the relationship between culture and politics in India. The self is not a natural, timeless entity; rather, it is historically produced, culturally shaped, and politically regulated. In this unit, the modern self is examined as a product of social change, colonial encounters, intellectual traditions, and…
Introduction The emergence of cyberspace has fundamentally transformed the nature of social movements and revolutionary mobilization. Digital technologies, social media platforms, and online communication networks have altered how grievances are articulated, identities are constructed, and collective action is coordinated. Unlike earlier forms of mobilization that relied heavily on physical organizations, party structures, or trade unions,…
Introduction Revolutions and social movements represent moments of profound political and social transformation in which existing structures of power, authority, and legitimacy are fundamentally challenged. Comparative political analysis treats revolutions not as isolated historical events but as patterned processes shaped by social structures, political institutions, and historical contingencies. The comparative study of revolutions seeks to…
Introduction Political parties constitute one of the most enduring and influential institutions of modern representative democracy. They serve as the principal link between society and the state, articulating interests, aggregating demands, recruiting political leadership, and structuring political competition. The study of parties and party systems occupies a central place in comparative political analysis because variations…
परिचय तुलनात्मक संविधानवाद, तुलनात्मक राजनीतिक विश्लेषण और संवैधानिक सिद्धांत का एक महत्वपूर्ण क्षेत्र है, जो विभिन्न राजनीतिक प्रणालियों में प्रचलित संविधानों का तुलनात्मक अध्ययन करता है। इसका उद्देश्य यह समझना है कि संविधान किस प्रकार शासन, अधिकारों और राजनीतिक सत्ता के प्रयोग को आकार देते हैं। तुलनात्मक संविधानवाद संविधान को केवल एक कानूनी दस्तावेज़ के…
Introduction Comparative constitutionalism is a central field within comparative political analysis and constitutional theory that examines constitutions across different political systems in order to understand how constitutional arrangements shape governance, rights, and political authority. Rather than treating constitutions as isolated legal documents, comparative constitutionalism situates them within broader historical, social, and political contexts. It seeks…
भूमिका राज्य की अवधारणा राजनीतिक सिद्धांत और तुलनात्मक राजनीति का आधार स्तंभ है। राज्य वह केंद्रीय संस्था है जिसके माध्यम से राजनीतिक सत्ता का प्रयोग, सामाजिक संबंधों का नियमन और क्षेत्रीय नियंत्रण सुनिश्चित किया जाता है। तुलनात्मक राजनीतिक विश्लेषण में राज्य को एकसमान इकाई नहीं माना जाता, बल्कि उसे एक ऐतिहासिक रूप से विकसित संस्था…
Introduction The concept of the state occupies a foundational position in political theory and comparative political analysis. As the primary locus of political authority, the state structures power, governs territory, and regulates social relations. Comparative politics examines states not as uniform entities but as historically evolved institutions that assume diverse forms and operate under varying…
