Justice as fairness By:- John Rawls Introduction The basic position of justice as fairness corresponds to the position of nature in the traditional theory of the social contract. It is understood as a purely hypothetical situation. The essential features of this condition are that no one knows his place in society, his class position or…
Deontological Ethics Introduction The word deontology derives from the Greek words for duty and science. In ethical philosophy, deontology is one of the types of normative theories about which choices are morally necessary, prohibited, or permitted, in other words. Deontology falls within the realm of moral principles that guide and evaluate our choices about what…
What is the point of equality? By:- Elizabeth Anderson Introduction Egalitarian political movements have historically conceived of their goals. Egalitarian political movements oppose hierarchy. They emphasize the equal moral worth of individuals. This claim does not mean that everyone has the same qualities and talents. She goes. Negatively – This claim reiterates differences in moral…
Equality of opportunity By:- Rawls Equality of opportunity means the absence of any type of hereditary and special class. That is, there should not be any artificial basis of discrimination among people in society like birth, religion, caste, color, gender, etc. So that in the absence of encouragement to merit in society, one does not…
Value of Equality (Bernard Williams) The idea of equality the idea of equality occupies an important place in political debate. It mainly renders two ideas:- First: All people should be equal, that is, all people should also be equal. Second: All people should be treated equally. Both views have their importance. On the one hand,…
Quentin Skinner Republican Liberty Skinner’s liberty is considered one of the most important for the interpretation of the contemporary political theory. Skinner equates republican liberty and negative liberty. Contemporary political theory and historical interpretation of Machiavelli both reference context. Skinner makes two claims on freedom:- Political philosophy claims a revival of republicanism in the last…
Freedom and Market freedom in economics There should be no interference of the state in the economic system. The exponents of this theory were mainly liberals. Liberalism was a theory or ideology that focused on liberty, equality, and the economy. Liberalism believed that man is a rational being who knows moral and immoral or good…
Gerald C. MacCallum Positive and Negative Freedom According to MacCallum, the controversies arising for the presence or absence of liberty in society are about 4 types – According to MacCallum, whenever the freedom of some agent or agent is in question, it always relates to freedom from some constraints or restrictions, interference with, or hindrance in…
Isaiah Berlin Two Concepts of Liberty Berlin in his article “Two Concepts of Liberty” talks about two types of liberty (negative liberty and positive liberty). The Notion of negative freedom Berlin says I am generally said to be free to the extent that no man interferes with my activity. If I say that I am…
Freedom as Autonomy By:- Bruce Baum RH Hultion studies Mill’s “On Liberty” negative perspective by looking at it positively. The relationship between power and freedom appears to be diametrically opposed because power always appears as an obstacle in the way of freedom. But Mill highlighted the positive and negative sides of both power and freedom….